THE FINAL TASK
OF SCIENTIFIC WRITING
Modify a Paper
of NOVA JANUARISTIN (121220111)
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’
SKIMMING SKILL AND THEIR READING ABILITY OF NARRATIVE TEXT AT THE FOURTH
SEMESTER OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF STKIP-PGRI BANDAR LAMPUNG IN
2015/2016
LECTURE : Dr. AKHMAD SUTIYONO, M.Pd.
Modified
by:
NAME : ADE MILA ROCHANY
CLASS/NPM : VA / 141220001
SEKOLAH TINGGI
KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
PERSATUAN GURU
REPUBLIK INDONESIA
BANDAR
LAMPUNG 2016
A.
ABSTRACT
In
learning English, students are expected to understand and know four language
skills such as speaking , listening, writing ,and reading .There are three
language components such as grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. English is
one of the international languages which are used by almost all off the people
in the world. So English has been taught in every school from elementary school
even kindergarten until senior high school.
that
skimming skill and reading of narrative text is a component in teaching and
learning process that have related to increase the students’ ability in
teaching and learning. In another word, skimming will enable students to
comprehend and get main information of text quickly. When students have
knowledge and information they can easier to transfer their ideas to others.
And it can be predicted if students have a good skimming skill their reading
will be good as well.
B. INTRODUCTION
Background of the problem
English
is one of international language in the world which is widely used in many
countries either as a native language. In Indonesia, English is the first
foreign language that is taught officially to student from elementary school as
a local content subject. In learning English, students are expected to understand
and know four language skills such as speaking , listening, writing ,and
reading .There are three language components such as grammar, vocabulary and
pronunciation. English is one of the international languages which are used by
almost all off the people in the world. So English has been taught in every
school from elementary school even kindergarten until senior high school.. They
find difficulties to understand the meaning of the language because some people
do not method in comprehending a text. In English, there are four language
skill that should be mastered by the students. One of the skill is reading.
Reading is one of language skills that plays important roles in many aspect of live.
Reading is very important in teaching and learning process and in our daily
live. Reading is an essential skill for learners of English as a foreign
language. To get idea from the paragraph, the students should recognize and
comprehend major part that occurs in a paragraph, that is the topic sentences.
In reading for main idea (topic sentence) will always come first and deserves
the top priority. It happens because topic sentences is the essence of the
paragraph that author wants, and that readers to know and it is the idea that
the whole paragraph explain and supports.
In
reading , there are many skill that can be used easy in comprehending a text.
Skimming is helpful the reader to search meaning or decide main idea, by using
skimming skill, students will be easy to comprehend a text especially narrative
text.
Limitation of the Problem
based
on the identification 0f the problem above, the writer would like to focus on
“The correlation between student ‘ skimming skill and their reading ability of narrative
text at the fourth semester of English Education Department of STKIP-PGRI
Bandar Lampung 2015/2016.
Uses of the Research
The
uses of this research are:
1. To
give information to the English teacher about the correlation between students
skimming skill and their reading ability
of Narrative text.
2. To
give motivation for the students in learning English especially about skimming
skill and their reading ability of Narrative text.
3. To
give information for the further research with similar interest
C.
LITERATURE REVIEWS
concept of Language
Language
is the most important thing for communication. We can communicate with other s
in form of language. Consequently, human communication can not be separated since it is very important to
communicate in society. According to Cameron (2001:11) that’’ people using
language for every day life purpose all around them’’. It means by using
language every single human can used language as a tool to communicate with
each other. As we know each country has
own culture that follow influence to the language. Moreover, each member also
society of culture and country different in used of language. This variation of
language may bring difficulties understanding in communication or social
interaction. People can get advantage from information which all of that
resource of language. Nowadays many advantages use language well people can get
job, information, money and everything because many job vacancies require about English ability,
which make all the people want to know and master about English. Brown
(1994:5)states that “A Consolidation of a number of possible definitions of
language yields the following composite definition:
1. language
is systematic
2. language
is a set of arbitrary symbols
3. those
symbols are primarily vocal, but may also be visual
4. the
symbol have conventionalized meanings to which they refer
5. language
is used for communication
6. language
operates in a speech community or culture
7. language
is essentially human, although possibly not limited to humans
8. language
is acquired by all people in much the same way :language and language learning
both have universal characteristics’.
Concept of Reading
Reading
English text is important for us, because by teaching English text, the students
can get knowledge and information that might be useful for them, but it is not
easy to be good teacher, more other if the English text is complicated. The
students need more understanding about the main ideas of reading text.
(Brown,2004:187)
in reading comprehension there are micro and macro skills, as follows:
Micro skills:
1. Discriminate
among the distinctive graphemes and orthographic patterns of English.
2. Retain
chunks of language of different lengths in short-term memory.
3. Process
writing at an efficient rate of speed to suit the purpose.
4. Recognize
a core of words, and interpret word order patterns and their significance.
Macro skills:
1. Recognize
the rhetorical forms of written discourse and their significance for
interpretation for interpretation.
2. Recognize
the communicative functions of written texts, according to form and purpose.
3. Infer
context that is not explicit by using background knowledge.
Grabe
and Stoller (2002:9)stated that’’ Reading is the ability to draw meaning from
the printed page and interpret this information appropriately’’. Its means that
however without quibbling over the exact wording of such definition, it is
nonetheless, insufficient as a way to understand the true nature of reading
abilities.
Harmer
(2007:99) stated that ‘’Reading is useful for language acquisition. Provided
that students more or less understand what they read, the more they read, the
better they get at it. Reading also has positive effect on students’ vocabulary
knowledge, on their spelling and on their writing’’. It is supported by Brown
(2001:298) states “Reading will be developed best in association with writing,
listening, and speaking activities’’.
understanding,
train ability of thinking and improve the concentration. Based on statements
above, we can conclude that from reading we can get information and knowledge,
because in daily life information able to get from reading books, magazines,
newspaper, journal, and etc. so it will become more important in our part and
in our activity.
Concept of Skimming
Skimming
consist of quickly running one’s eyes across a whole text(such as an essay,
article or chapter)for it gist. It is supported by Hood(1996:80)’’Skimming
involves looking quickly over a text to get a general idea of what it is
about’’. Hood(1996:80)The indicators of skimming activities is:
1. To
help student too decide quickly whether they want to or need to read the text.
2. To
show students that understanding a few words is sometimes sufficient to get an
idea of what the message contains.
Brown(2004:213)
states that ‘’skimming is the process of rapid coverage of reading matter to
determine its gist or main idea. It is a prediction strategy used to give a
reader a sense of the topic and purpose a of a text, the organization of the
text, the perspective or point of view of the writer, its ease or difficulty
and or its usefulness to reader’’. From statements above skimming is helpful
the readers to search meaning or decide mine idea also the purpose from the
text but not read every paragraph only for find out topic who develop by author
into paragraph.
Concept of Narrative text
If
belongs to Anderson and Anderson (1997:8), state that “Narrative is a piece of
the text which tell a story and, in doing so, to amuse, entertains, and informs
the reader or listener”. The purpose of a Narrative, other than providing
entertainment, can be to make the audience think about an issue, teach a
lesson, or excite their emotions. It means that the function of narrative text
is to entertain the audience with story.
But
the problem is the students sometimes find difficulties to read a text of
English. It is caused when students tend to read the whole text carefully word
by word. It is wasting time and it will be more difficult when the teacher give
them the questions from the text.
D. RESEARCH
METHOD
This
research correlation research aims to systematically investigate and explain
the nature of the relationship between variables in the real world. In this
research , the writer was used descriptive quantitative method to analyze the
data. In this case, the writer was describe or presented the data in material
from and analyzed through the use statistic. Descriptive quantitative research
is also used to describe and to test relationship. Between skimming skill and
reading ability of narrative text.
1. To
know the correlation between students’ skimming skill (X) and their reading
ability of narrative text (Y). the writer was used the product moment formula,
as follow:\
2. Trying
out the instrument test items to the students out of the sample research.
3. Dividing
the test into odd and even items.
4. Analyzing
the test result by using Product Moment Formula.
5. Using spearman-Brown formula, as follows:
(Arikunto, 2010: 226)
Notes:
rxy
the
coefficient correlation between x and y
∑xy = crossing between x and y
∑x
= value of odd item test
∑y = value of even item test
∑y2 = the sum square of variable y
XY
= the total of x and y
X2 = the sum of odd test items
Y2 = the sum of even test items
X = the score of the odd test items
Y = the score of the even test item
6.
The writer consult the
result with criterion as follow:
Reliability coefficient 0.800- 1.00 is very high
Reliability coefficient 0.600-0.800 is high
Reliability
coefficient 0.400-0.600 is middle
With
the criteria as follow:
If
r =0 there is no correlation between variable X and variable Y
If
r= ≠ there is correlation between variable X and variable Y
7. To
know the kind of correlation between students’
skimming skill (x)and their reading ability of narrative text (Y) by
using criteria as follow:
If
>0 it means positive correlation
If<0 correlation="" it="" means="" negative="" o:p="">
8. To
know the significance of correlation between students’ skimming skill (X) and
their reading ability of narrative text (Y), the writer was consult of r count with r table of product moment
E. DISCUSSION
Catherine
(1992:5), states “reading is so much a part of daily live for those of us who
live in literate communities that much of the time we hardly consider either
the purposes or processes involved”.
Reading is one of the four language skills that should be had learned
and mastered by students.
As
we know that there many kinds of reading and one them is skimming and scanning
skill. Skimming is one of the skills in reading to find the information of
text. Through skimming skill the students will be able comprehend the text
quickly, enjoy to read a text and easy to answer the question and it’s very
useful skill in learning English especially in reading.
Nuttal
(1996:44), that “if students are able to use skimming and scanning , they can
shorten their time to choose material and also make their selection more
reliable”. It means that by using skimming and scanning, it will help them to
choose the right material, help them to get the information from their reading
text quickly and correctly, and also show them that understand few word is good
enough to know about the message contains.
Based
on the statements above, it deduced that skimming skill and reading of
narrative text is a component in teaching and learning process that have
related to increase the students’ ability in teaching and learning. In another
word, skimming will enable students to comprehend and get main information of
text quickly. When students have knowledge and information they can easier to
transfer their ideas to others. And it can be predicted if students have a good
skimming skill their reading will be good as well.
From
explanation above, the writer indicated that: 1) if the students are not good
in skimming and scanning skill, they reading will be not good as well. 2) the
average score of the students’ skimming skill (X) it show Xi = 61.2.
3) in this case the students’ reading ability needs to be increased because if
students have good reading they can get score well. By having a good ability in
reading students will ease to understand English texts and to get knowledge of
what they read.
Based
on the data analysis, it deduces that the average score in skimming and reading
test was gained very high reliable. It found that rcount is higher
than rtable. It shown that rcount=0.984 is very higher
than rtable=0.361.
So,
it hereby that there is significant correlation between students’ skimming
skills with their reading ability.
F. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Conclusion
Based
on the result of the data analysis and also hypothesis, the writer concluded
that: there is positive correlation between students’ skimming skill and their
reading ability. It can be seen that the result of rcount=0.984. it
can be continued o product moment table with n=30 by using 5% significance
level is guided by score 0,361. It mean that rcount is very higher
than rtable(0.984>0.361)
Suggestions
1. For
the lectures
The lectures should pay
more attention to the students’ reading ability in using skimming skills and
should give a lot of practices of skimming for the students. Then, the lectures
should give more motivation and chance to the students to improve their reading
comprehension and should encourage the students to read more the reading text.
2. For
the students
The students should do
more exercises in reading by using skimming skills to improve their reading
ability, they should read many kinds of English text or English books to
improve their comprehension of the composition, and then should focus when
answering the questions.
REFERENCES
Arikunto,Suharsimi.(2006). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan
Praktik.
Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Anderson Mark
and Kathy.(1997). Text Type in English.
Malaysia: Macmillan
Education Australia Pty Ltd.
Brown, H.
Douglas(2004). Language Assessment
Principle and Classroom Principles. United State of Amerika: Pearson
Education.
Cameron, Lyme.
(2001). Teaching Language to Young
Learners.
England: Cambridge University Press.
Grabe, William
and Stoller L. Fredika.(2002) Teaching
and Researching Reading.
England: Pearson Education.
Gebhard Jerry G (1996). Teaching English as a Foreign or Second Language.
United States of Amerika :Michigan Press.
Harmer,
Jeremy.(2007). How to Teach English.
China:
Pearson Edication Limited.
Mikulecky B,S.
and Jeffries L.(1998). Reading Power
(second edition).
New York: Pearson Education.
Nunan, David.(2003).Practical English Language Teaching.
Sudjana.(2005). Metode Statistika. Bandung: Tarsito.
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